Vande Mataram
hi:वन्दे मातरम्
Vandē Mātaram is the national song of India. The song was composed by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in a highly Sanskritized form of the Bengali language. The song first appeared in his book Anandamatha, published in 1882 amid fears of a ban by British Raj, though the song itself was actually written six years prior in 1876. "Vande Mataram" was the national cry for freedom from British oppression during the freedom movement. Large rallies, fermenting initially in West Bengal, in the major metropolis of Calcutta (Kolkata), would work themselves up into a patriotic fever by shouting the slogan "Vande Mataram," or "Hail to the Mother(land)!" The British, fearful of the potential danger of an incited Indian populace, at one point banned the utterance of the motto in public forums and jailed many freedom fighters for disobeying the proscription. To this day, "Vande Mataram" is seen as a national mantra describing the love of patriots for the country of India.
Though a major aspirant for being the national anthem of India, Vande Mataram was eventually overtaken by Jana Gana Mana, which was ultimately chosen. The choice was slightly controversial, since the Vande Mataram was the one song that truly depicted the pre-independence national fervour. The song was rejected on the grounds that Muslims felt offended by its depiction of the nation as "Ma Durga"—a Hindu goddess—thus equating the nation with the Hindu conception of shakti, divine feminine dynamic force; and by its origin as part of Anandamatha, a novel they felt had an anti-Muslim message. (See External links below.) However, in recent times, there has been much more of an acceptance of the historically passionate patriotic cry and, for example, famous Muslim popular songwriter A. R. Rahman has openly come out in support of it.
Dr Rajendra Prasad, who was presiding the Constituent Assembly on January 24 1950, made the following statement which was also adopted as the final decision on the issue:
- The composition consisting of words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations as the Government may authorise as occasion arises, and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honored equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it. (Applause) I hope this will satisfy members. (Constituent Assembly of India, Vol.XII, 24-1-1950)
Lyrics
Vande Mataram! Vande Mataram!
Sujalam, suphalam, malayaja sheetalam
Shasyashyamalam, Mataram!
Vande Mataram!
Shubhrajyothsna pulakitayaminim
Phullakusumita drumadala shobinim
Suhasinim sumadhura bhashinim,
Sukhadam varadam, Mataram!
Vande Mataram! Vande Mataram!
Lyrics in Sanskrit
वंदे मातरम्! वंदे मातरम्! सुजलाम् सुफलाम् मलयज शीतलाम् । सस्यशामलाम् मातरम्
वंदे मातरम्!
शुभ्रज्योत्स्ना पुलकितयामिनीं पुल्लकुसुमित द्रुमदल शोबिनी सुहासिनि सुमधुर भाषिणी सुखदां वरदां मातरम्
वंदॆ मातरम्! वंदॆ मातरम्!
Translation
The following is an English translation provided by Sri Aurobindo: -
I bow to thee, Mother,
richly-watered, richly-fruited ,cool with the winds of the south,
dark with the crops of the harvests, The Mother!
Her nights rejoicing in the glory of the moonlight
her lands clothed beautifully with her trees in flowering bloom
sweet of laughter, sweet of speech
The Mother, giver of boons, giver of bliss!
See Also
External links
- An Indian Muslim view (http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/01-15May04-Print-Edition/0105200475.htm)
- AG Noorani on the controversy (http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1601/16010940.htm)