Thrace
Thrace is a historical and geographic area in south-east Europe spread over southern Bulgaria, north-eastern Greece, and European Turkey. Thrace borders on three seas: the Black Sea, the Aegean Sea and the Sea of Marmara.
History
The indigenous population of Thrace was an Indo-European people called Thracians. Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not manage to form a lasting political organization until the Odris State was founded in the 4th century BC.
The Thracians fell early under the cultural influence of the ancient Greeks, preserving, however, their language and culture. As non-Greek speakers, they were viewed by the Greeks as barbarians .
The first Greek colonies in Thrace were founded in the 6th century BC. After it was conquered by the Alexander the Great in the 4th century, the region was successively ruled by Rome, Persian Empire, Byzantium, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Turks.
Thrace south of the Danube (except for the land of the Bessi) was ruled for nearly half a century by the Persians under Darius the Great whose expedition into the area happened in 513-12.
Following the Third Macedonian War, Thracia came to acknowledge Roman authority. The client state of Thracia comprised of several different tribes. After Roimitalkes III of the Thracian Kingdom of Sapes was murdered in 46 AD, the client state was abolished and the direct Roman rule began.
In 1878 most of Thrace was incorporated into the semi-autonomous Ottoman provice of Eastern Rumelia, which united with Bulgaria in 1886. The rest of Thrace was divided between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey at the beginning of the 20th century, following the Balkan Wars and World War I.
Cities of Thrace
Bulgarian
Greek
- Alexandroupolis
- Komotini
- Xanthi
Turkish
- Edirne ("Adrianople") refounded by Hadrian, site of numerous battles, notably in 378 and 1205
Famous Thracians
- Orpheus, in Greek legend, was the chief representative of the art of song and playing the lyre, and of great importance in the religious history of Greece.
- Democritus was a philosopher and mathematician that lived in Abdera, Thrace from about 460 BC to 370 BC. His main contribution is the atomic theory, the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called atoms.
- Spartacus was a Thracian enslaved by the Romans, who led a large slave uprising in what is now Italy in 73 BC - 71 BC His army of escaped gladiators and slaves defeated several Roman legions in what is known as the Third Servile War.
- Maximinus Thrax, Roman emperor (235-238), born in Thrace to a Gothic father and an Alanic mother.
Sources
- Hoddinott, R.F., The Thracians, 1981.
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