13th century
(12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries)
As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300.
Events
- Fourth through eighth crusades of western European kingdoms against Islam
- Fall of the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors
- Genghis Khan, Temujin by birth is claimed "Khan of Khans" by the Mongol tribes.
- Mongols under Genghis Khan conquer and rule over most of Asia and Eastern Europe by establishing Mongol Empire
- Ogedei Khan establish Mongolian dynasty in China. Some Mongol leaders convert from Tantric Buddhism to Islam.
- Marco Polo and his family reach China
- James I of Aragon takes control of Balearic Islands and Valencia.
- Theravada overtakes Mahayana as the dominant form of Buddhism in Cambodia.
- Persian historian Rashid al-Din records eleven Buddhist texts circulating in Arabic translation.
- The Thai Kingdom of Sukhothai is established, with Theravada Buddhism as the state religion. Later in the century it vassalises significant parts of modern Thailand, Laos, Burma, and Malaysia.
- Norway cedes the Isle of Man to Scotland.
- First European universities founded.
Significant people
- Genghis Khan, founder of Mongol Empire
- Alexander of Hales, philosopher and theologian
- Albertus Magnus, German philosopher and theologian
- Thomas Aquinas, theologian
- Francis of Assisi, founder of the Franciscan order
- Roger Bacon, Franciscan, philosopher, and scientist
- Bonaventure, Franciscan theologian
- Petrus Peregrinus, scientist
- Robert Grosseteste, English statesman and theologian
- Louis IX of France, St. Louis, French king and crusader
- Frederick II, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
- Dante, Italian writer
- Ramon Llull, Majorcan philosopher
- Kublai Khan, Khan ruler, founder of Yuan Dynasty in China
- Alexander Nevsky, Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
Decades and years
External link
- The Thirteenth: Greatest of Centuries (http://www.nd.edu/Departments/Maritain/etext/walsh.htm) by James J. Walsh, 1907
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