Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt

   

List of Rulers and Heads of State of Egypt

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)


Tenure Incumbent Notes
Ottoman Suzerainty
Wālīs (Governors)
9 October 1699 to 6 May 1704Muhammad ‘Ali Qara Pasha, Wālī 
7 May 1704 to 7 October 1704Suleiman Pasha, Wālī 
7 October 1704 to 31 August 1706Muhammad Rami Pasha, Wālī 
1 September 1706 to September 1707‘Ali Pasha, Wālī 
September 1707 to 28 October 1709Hassan Damada Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
28 October 1709 to August 1710Ibrahim Pasha, Wālī 
August 1710 to 30 July 1711Khalil Khosej Pasha, Wālī 
30 July 1711 to 30 August 1714Wali Pasha, Wālī 
1 September 1714 to 29 June 1717Abdi Pasha, Wālī1st Term
1 July 1717 to 9 September 1720‘Ali Kiaya Pasha, Wālī 
10 September 1720 to 30 April 1721Rajab Pasha, Wālī 
1 May 1721 to 30 September 1725Muhammad Nishanji Pasha, Wālī1st Term
1 October 1725 to February 1726‘Ali Muraly Pasha, Wālī 
February 1726 to 29 September 1727Muhammad Nishanji Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
30 September 1727 to October 1727Abdi Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
October 1727 to 10 July 1729Abu Bakr Pasha, Wālī1st Term
11 July 1729 to 30 June 1733Abdallah Heupruluzade Pasha, Wālī 
1 July 1733 to 1734Muhammad Silahdar Pasha, Wālī 
1737 to 1737Uthman, Wālī 
1734 to December 1734Abu Bakr Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
December 1734 to 1741‘Ali Hakimzade Pasha, Wālī1st Term
1741 to 3 July 1743Yahya Pasha, Wālī 
July 1743 to 28 February 1744Muhammad Sa‘id Pasha, Wālī1st Term
1 March 1744 to 31 August 1748Muhammad Ragib Pasha, Wālī 
1 September 1748 to January 1752Ahmad Pasha, Wālī 
January 1752 to December 1752Muhammad Melek Pasha, Wālī 
December 1752 to October 1755Hassan ash-Sharawi, Wālī 
October 1755 to December 1756‘Ali Hakimzade Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
December 1756 to 29 April 1757Sa‘id ad-Din Pasha, Wālī 
30 April 1757 to 1760Muhammad Sa‘id Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
1760 to December 1762Mustafa Bahir Keuse Pasha, Wālī 
December 1762 to January 1765Ahmad Pasha, Wālī 
1765 to 1766Bakr Pasha, Wālī 
1766 to April 1767Hamza Silahdar Mahir Pasha, Wālī 
April 1767 to April 1767Muhammad Melek Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
April 1767 to 1768Muhammad Raquim Pasha, Wālī 
1768 to 1768Muhammad Diwitdar Pasha, Wālī 
Mamluk Dynasty
1768 to 1769‘Ali Bey al-Kabir 
1769 to 13 April 1773‘Ali Bey al-Kabir, SultanSelf-proclaimed - not recognised by Ottoman Emperor
176? to 1769Human Abu YusufHead of Hawwara Arabs and de facto ruler in Upper Egypt
13 April 1773 to 10 June 1775Muhammad Bey Abu‘dh Dhahab 
26 June 1775 to August 1777Triumvirate:-
Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj, military governor1st Term
Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad, civil governor1st Term
Yusuf Bey, emir al-Hajj, head of the Mecca Pilgrims 
August 1777 to February 1778Isma‘il Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad1st Term
February 1778 to 1786Murad Bey, emir al-Hajj2nd Term
February 1778 to 1786Isma‘il Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad2nd Term
17 August 1786 to 1787Hasan Kapudan Pasha, Wālī 
Mamluk Dynasty
1786 to 1790Triumvirate:-
Isma‘il Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad4th Term
‘Ali Bey Defterdar 
Hasan Bey, Amir al-Haji 
1790 to 25 July 1798Murad Bey, Amir al-Hajj3rd Term
Ibrahim Bey, Sheikh al-Bulad2nd Term
French Suzerainty
25 July 1798 to 22 August 1799Napoléon Bonaparte, Military Commander 
22 August 1799 to 14 June 1800Jean-Baptiste Kléber, Military Commander 
14 June 1800 to 27 June 1801Abdullah Jacques-François de Boussay, baron de Menou 
Ottoman Suzerainty
27 June 1801 to 10 August 1801Nasih Pasha, Wālī 
10 August 1801 to January 1802Kucuk Hussein Pasha, Wālī 
January 1802 to 3 May 1803Khusrau Pasha, Wālī 
3 May 1803 to June 1803Taher Pasha, Wālī 
June 1803 to July 1803Khurshid Pasha, Wālī1st Term
July 1803 to 31 January 1804‘Ali Pasha Jazairli, Wālī 
31 January 1804 to March 1804..., acting Wālī 
March 1804 to 9 July 1805Khurshid Pasha, Wālī2nd Term
9 July 1805 to 1 September 1848Muḩammad ‘Alī Pasha, WālīHereditary Governor; 1st Term
1 September 1848 to 10 November 1848Ibrāhīm Pasha, Wālī 
10 November 1848 to 2 August 1849Muḩammad ‘Alī Pasha, WālīRestored; deposed in senility
2 August 1849 to 13 July 1854‘Abbās Hilmi Pasha, WālīPossibly murdered
13 July 1854 to 18 January 1863Muhammad Sa‘īd Pasha, Wālī 
18 January 1863 to 8 June 1867Ismā‘īl Pasha, WālīBecoming Khedive
Khedives (Viceroys)
8 June 1867 to 26 June 1879Ismā‘īl Pasha, KhediveHitherto Wālī; Deposed
26 June 1879 to 7 January 1892Muhammad Tawfīq Pasha, Khedive 
8 January 1892 to 19 December 1914‘Abbās Hilmi Pasha, KhediveDeposed by the British
British Protectorate of Egypt
19 December 1914 to 9 October 1917Ḩusayn Kāmil, SultanGranted style of Sultan by Britain
9 October 1917 to 16 March 1922Ahmad Fu’ād, SultanBecoming King
Maliks (Kings)
16 March 1922 to 28 April 1936Ahmad Fu’ād, Malik MisrHitherto Sultan
28 April 1936 to 26 July 1952Fārūq, Malik Misr 
28 April 1936 to 29 July 1937Prince Muhammad Ali, Chairman of the Council of Regency 
26 July 1952 to 18 June 1953Fu’ād II, Malik Misr 
26 July 1952 to 18 June 1953Prince Muhammad Abdul Moneim, Chairman of the Council of Regency 


Tenure Incumbent Affliation Notes
Republic of Egypt
18 June 1953 to 25 February 1954General Muhammad Naguib, PresidentMil/LR1st Term
25 February 1954 to 27 February 1954Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council
جمال عبد الناصر		Mil/LR1st Term
27 February 1954 to 14 November 1954General Muhammad Naguib, PresidentMil/LR2nd Term
14 November 1954 to 25 June 1956Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council
جمال عبد الناصر		Milacting President
25 June 1956 to 1957Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser, President
جمال عبد الناصر		 
1957 to 1 February 1958NUBecoming president of the United Arab Republic
United Arab Republic
1 February 1958 to 1962Colonel Gamal Abdel Nasser, President
جمال عبد الناصر		NU2nd Term (contd.)
1962 to 29 September 1970ASUDied in office
28 September 1970 to 17 October 1970Anwar as-Sadat, acting President
أنور السادات		ASU 
17 October 1970 to 2 September 1971Anwar as-Sadat, President
أنور السادات		 
Egyptian Arab Republic
جمهوريّةمصرالعربيّة (Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah)
2 September 1971 to 1978Anwar as-Sadat, President
أنور السادات		ASU 
1978 to 6 October 1981HDWAssassinated
6 October 1981 to 14 October 1981Sufi Abu Talib, acting PresidentHDW 
14 October 1981 to presentMuhammad Hosni Said Mubarak, President
محمد حسني مبارك		HDW 
20 June 2004 to 7 July 2004Atef Ebeid, acting PresidentHDWFor Mubarak



Affiliations:-


HDWHizb al-Dimuqratiyah al-Wataniyah
(National Democratic Party) authoritarian, estd.1978
ASU Arab Socialist Union Nasser personalist, centrist, government party, only legal party 1962-1978
FPFederal Party
HSal-Hizb ash-Shaab
(People's Party) Ismail Sedki personalist, anti-Wafd, 1930-1946
IPIttiha Party
(Union Party) royalist
LCPLiberal Constitutional Party
LRLiberation Rally government party only legal party 17 Jan 1953-1962
NUNational Union Nasser personalist, nationalist 1957-1962
SIPSaadist Institutional Party
UMMAal-Hizb al-Umma
(Umma Party/People's Party) Egyptian nationalist, moderate 1907-1925
WM al Wafd al Misri
(Egyptian Delegation "Wafd" - Egyptian National Party) 1919-1953, democratic
WP Watani Party
(National Party) conservative, islamist, Egyptian nationalist, 1907-1953
MilMilitary
n-pnon-partisan
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See also:-


ja:近代エジプトの国家元首の一覧

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