List of state leaders in 1863
List of state leaders in 1862 - Events of 1863 - List of state leaders in 1864 - State leaders by year
Africa
- Ashanti Confederacy - Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834-1867)
- Buganda - Mutesa I, King of Buganda (1856-1884)
- Bunyoro - Kyebambe IV, Omukama of Bunyoro (1852-1869)
- Burundi - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852-1908)
- Dahomey - Glele, King of Dahomey (1856-1889)
- Ethiopia - Tewodros II, Emperor of Ethiopia (1855-1868)
- Rwanda - Kigeri IV, King of Rwanda (1853-1895)
- Sokoto Caliphate
- Caliph - Ahmad bin Atiku, Sokoto Caliph (1859-1866)
- Grand Vizier - Ibrahim Khalilu, Sokoto Grand Vizier (1859-c.1874)
- Zanzibar - Sayyid Majid bin Said Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1856-1870)
- Zulu - Mpande kaSenzangakhona, King of the Zulu (1840-1872)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- King - Dost Mohammad Khan, King of Afghanistan (1843-1863)
- Emir - Shir Ali Khan, Emir of Afghanistan (1863-1866)
- China
- Qing Dynasty - Tongzhi, Emperor of China (1861-1875)
- Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping - Hong Xiuquan, King of Heaven (1851-1864)
- Japan
- Monarch - Kōmei, Emperor of Japan (1846-1867)
- Shogun (Tokugawa) - Tokugawa Iemochi, Shogun of Japan (1858-1866)
- Oman - Thuwaini bin Said, Sultan of Oman (1856-1866)
Europe
- Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822-1864)
- Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848-1916)
- Belgium - Leopold I, King of the Belgians (1831-1865)
- Denmark
- Monarch -
- Prime Minister -
- Carl Christian Hall, Prime Minister of Denmark (1860-1863)
- Ditlev Gothard Monrad, Prime Minister of Denmark (1863-1864)
- France - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852-1870)
- German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850-1866)
- Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848-1864)
- Saxony - Johann, King of Saxony (1854-1873)
- Württemberg - Wilhelm I, King of Württemberg (1816-1864)
- Holy See - Pope Pius IX (1846-1878)
- Italy -
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Italy (1861-1878)
- Prime Minister -
- Netherlands - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849-1890)
- Norway - Carl IV, King of Norway (1859-1872)
- Ottoman Empire - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
- Portugal - Luis, King of Portugal (1861-1889)
- Prussia -
- Monarch - Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-1888)
- Prime Minister - Otto von Bismarck, Minister-President of Prussia (1862-1873)
- Romania - Alexander John Cuza, Prince of Romania (1859-1866)
- Russia - Alexander II, Tsar of Russia (1855-1881)
- Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (1833-1868)
- Sweden - Kingdom of Sweden-Norway
- Monarch - Charles XV, King of Sweden (1859-1872)
- Chief Minister - Louis Gerhard De Geer , Prime Minister for Justice of Sweden (1858-1870)
- Foreign Minister - Ludvig Manderström, Prime Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden-Norway (1858-1868)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901)
- Prime Minister - Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1859-1865)
Middle East and North Africa
- Abu Dhabi - Zaid ibn Khalifa, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1855-1909)
- Egypt -
- Morocco - Mohammed IV, Sultan of Morocco (1859-1873)
- Ottoman Empire
- Monarch - Abd-ul-Aziz, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861-1876)
- Grand Vizier -
- Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1861-1863)
- Yusuf Kamil Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1863)
- Keçecizade Mehmed Fuad Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1863-1866)
North America and Caribbean
- Canada - The Viscount Monck of Ballytrammon, Governor General of Canada (1861-1867)
- Confederate States of America - Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States (1861-1865)
- Costa Rica
- President -
- Mexico -
- United States - Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States (1861-1865)
South America