European languages

Most of the many indigenous languages of Europe belong to the Indo-European language family. The scope of this article also includes languages spoken outside of continental Europe that linguistically belong to European language families (such as Afrikaans, Pennsylvania German and Persian).

Basque

The Basque language of the northern Iberian Peninsula is a language isolate, and as such is not closely related to any other language.

Caucasian languages

• Georgian

Constructed languages

These languages were artificially created ("planned").

• Esperanto
• Interlingua
• Slovio

Etruscan

Spoken in Northern Italy before the Roman rule, now extinct.

Finno-Ugric languages

The Finno-Ugric languages are a subfamily of the Uralic language family.

• Estonian
• Finnish
• Hungarian
• Sami

Indo-European languages

Most European languages are Indo-European languages. This large language-family is descended from a common language that was spoken thousands of years ago, which is referred to as Proto-Indo-European.

Albanian

Armenian

Baltic languages

• Curonian
• Latvian
• Lithuanian
• Old Prussian - extinct
• Selonian - extinct
• Semigallian - extinct
• Sudovian (Yotvingian) - extinct

Celtic languages

Brythonic

• Cornish
• Breton
• Gaulish - extinct
• Welsh

Goidelic (Gaelic)

• Irish Gaelic
• Manx
• Scottish Gaelic
• Neo-Gaelic

Germanic languages

North Germanic

(descending from Old Norse)

• West (Insular) Scandinavian
  • Icelandic
  • Faroese
  • Norn (extinct)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk
• East (Continental) Scandinavian
  • Danish
    • Norwegian (Norwegian Bokmål)
      • Russenorsk language
  • Swedish

West Germanic

• High German
  • German
    • Middle German
      • East Middle German
        • Standard German (Hochdeutsch)
      • Luxembourgeois
      • West Middle German
        • Pennsylvania German (spoken by the Amish and other groups in southeastern Pennsylvania)
    • Upper German
      • Swiss German, Austrian, etc
      • Lombardic (extinct)
      • Alsatian
      • Alemán Coloneiro (spoken in Venezuela)
      • Hutterite German (aka "Tirolean")
  • Yiddish
  • Wymysojer
• Low German
  • Low Franconian
    • Afrikaans
    • Dutch
    • West Flemish
  • Low Saxon
    • Standard Low Saxon
    • Plautdietsch (Mennonite Low German)
  • East Low German
• Frisian
• Anglic (descending from Anglo-Saxon)
  • Modern English
  • Modern Scots
  • Cayman Islands English
  • Angloromany

East Germanic

(descending from Gothic)

• Burgundian (extinct)
• Crimean Gothic (extinct in the 1800s)
• Vandalic (extinct)

Greek

Italic languages

• Latin

Romance languages

The Romance languages decended from the Vulgar Latin spoken across most of the lands of the Roman Empire.

Ibero-Romance languages

• Aragonese
• Asturian
  • Leonese
  • Mirandes
• Catalan
  • Alguerese
  • Ribagorçan
  • Valencian
• Mozarabic
• Portuguese
  • Galician
    • Eonaviegan
  • Portuguese Creole
• Spanish
  • Extremaduran
  • Ladino
  • Spanish Creole

Gallo-Romance languages

• Franco-Provençal
• Langues d'oïl
  • Bourguignon-Morvandiau
  • Champenois
  • Franc-Comtois
  • French
    • Belgian French
    • Cajun French
    • Quebec French
    • Swiss French
    • Zarphatic (Judeo-French)
  • Gallo language
  • Lorrain
  • Norman
    • Jèrriais
    • Dgèrnésiais
  • Picard
  • Poitevin-Saintongeais
  • Walloon
• Occitan
  • Gascon
    • Aranese
  • Auvergnat
  • Languedocien
  • Limousin
  • Provençal

Italo-Romance languages

• Corsican
• Dalmatian
  • Istriot
• Italian
  • Emilio-Romagnolo
  • Judeo-Italian
  • Ligurian
  • Lombard
  • Napoletana-Calabrese
  • Piemontese
• Sardinian
  • Campidanese
  • Gallurese
  • Logudorese
  • Sassarese
• Sicilian
• Venetian

Rhaeto-Romance languages

• Friulian
• Ladin
• Romansh

Daco-Romance languages

• Romanian
  • Aromanian
  • Istro-Romanian
  • Megleno-Romanian

Indo-Iranian languages

Indo-Aryan languages

• Romany

Iranian languages

• Kurdish
• Ossetian language
• Persian

Phrygo-Armenian languages

• Armenian
• Phrygian - extinct

Slavic languages

West Slavic languages

• Czech
• Polish
  • Kashub
    • Slovincian - extinct
  • Polabian - extinct
• Slovak
• Knaanic or Judeo Slavic - extinct
• Sorbian

East Slavic languages

• Belarusian
• Russian
• Rusyn - extinct
• Ukrainian

South Slavic languages

• Bulgarian
• Old Church Slavonic
• Macedonian
• Romano-Serbian
• Serbo-Croatian (sociolinguistically, 3 different languages):
  • Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian

Thracian languages

• Dacian language - extinct
• Thracian language - extinct

Others of note

These are languages of non-European origins which are spoken in parts of Europe.

• Maltese (Semitic language, derived from Arabic)
• Turkish (Turkic Altaic language)
• Tatar (Turkic Altaic language)

See also:

• European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
• Languages of France
• Balkan languages