Computational physics

Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical algorithms in order to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists.

Physicists often have a very precise mathematical theory describing how a system will behave. Unfortunately, it is often the case that solving the theory's equations in order to produce a useful prediction is a computationally difficult problem. This is especially true with quantum mechanics, where only a handful of simple models can be solved exactly. Even apparently simple problems, such as calculating the wavefunction of an electron orbiting an atom in a strong electric field, may require great effort to formulate a practical algorithm.

In addition, the computational cost of solving quantum mechanical problems is generally exponential in the size of the system (see computational complexity theory).

Many other more general numerical problems fall loosely under the domain of computational physics, although they could easily be considered pure mathematics or part of any number of applied areas. For example:

• Solving differential equations
• Evaluating integrals
• Stochastic methods, specifically the Monte Carlo Method
• Specialised partial differential equation methods, for example the finite difference method and the finite element method
• The matrix eigenvalue problem – i.e. the problem of finding eigenvalues of very large matrices.
• The pseudo-spectral method

See also important publications in computational physics

de:Computational physics ja:計算物理学 zh:数学物理