Boston Red Sox

The Boston Red Sox is a Major League Baseball team located in Boston, Massachusetts. They are in the American League East Division.

Founded: 1893, as the Toledo, Ohio franchise in the minor Western League. Moved to Boston when that league became the American League in 1900.

Team Name: The name Red Sox, chosen by owner John I. Taylor in 1907, is based on an obsolete form of socks, as in the red footwear worn by the team. Previously to that, the team did not have an official nickname and were simply "the Bostons" or "the Boston Baseball club"; some newspaper writers referred to them as the Boston Americans or Somersets, but these were unofficial names. The team was never known as the Boston Pilgrims. [1] (http://www.baseball-almanac.com/articles/boston_pilgrims_story.shtml) [2] (http://www.numag.neu.edu/0309/baseball.html)

Current ownership: John Henry and Tom Werner, who paid $660 million and assumed $40 million in debt, in February 2002. The purchase includes Fenway Park and 82 percent of New England Sports Network. The purchase price set a record for a major league baseball franchise.

Current payroll: In 2004, $131 million, $51 million shy of the New York Yankees, making them the second-highest paid team in MLB.

Home ballpark: Fenway Park

Mascot: Wally the Green Monster, named after the physical Green Monster

Uniform colors: Navy blue, Red, and White

Logo design: Two hanging red socks with white heels and toes, over a white baseball surrounded by the words Boston and Red Sox. The word Boston is in navy blue outlined in red, the words Red Sox are in red outlined in navy blue, and the entire logo is surrounded by a thick red circle.

Theme Song: None officially, although since the new ownership took over, "Dirty Water" by The Standells is played at the conclusion of each home victory. The Dropkick Murphys rewrote Tessie — a team fight-song of sorts that was originally featured in a 1903 musical — for the 2004 season, and this song now follows up "Dirty Water", however it may not be accepted widely by the older fans due to its punk rock stylings. Also, it must be mentioned that Neil Diamond's "Sweet Caroline" is played between the 8th and 9th Innings of every home game, to raucous crowd participation.

Championships and Pennants: see below

Franchise history

Early 20^th century

Crowd outside the 1903 World Series

1903 World Series Poster

The Boston Red Sox won the first World Series in 1903 against the favored National League team, the Pittsburgh Pirates. In the following decade, the club won four World Series in a six-year span despite changing ownership several times. The 1912 and 1915 clubs featured an outfield considered to be among the finest in the game: Tris Speaker, Harry Hooper and Duffy Lewis.

The Red Sox were owned by Joseph Lannin from 1913 to 1916 and he signed Babe Ruth, commonly seen as the best player in baseball history. In 1919, the team's new owner, Harry Frazee, sold Ruth to the New York Yankees. Legend has it that he did so in order to finance a Broadway play No, No Nanette starring 'a friend', but in actual fact the play did not open on Broadway until 1925. Rather, Frazee sold Ruth because he was a serious problem (and continued to be one in New York) and because it was not then apparent that he would become the player did. The contract was a straight sale; the Red Sox got no players in return. Frazee also unloaded a number of other Hall of Fame quality players to the Yankees for other reasons. Carl Mays quit the team in mid-game and refused to return; his trade was essentially a salvage operation. Other Frazee era players went to New York as part of Frazee's financial strategy after he decided to leave baseball, having been driven out by Ban Johnson, including Sad Sam Jones and Waite Hoyt. These players (some of them Hall of Fame members) formed the nucleus of the first championship Yankee teams of the 1920s.

Tom Yawkey and Ted Williams

Ted Williams & Tom Yawkey

In 1933, a wealthy, shy young man named Tom Yawkey bought the Red Sox and began pumping money into the team.

In 1939, the Red Sox purchased the contract of outfielder Ted Williams, then playing in the Pacific Coast League, ushering in an era of the team sometimes called the "Ted Sox". Williams is generally considered one of the greatest hitters in baseball history, hitting for both power and average. He is the last player to hit over .400 for a full season, in 1941.

With Williams, the Red Sox went to the World Series in 1946, but lost to the St. Louis Cardinals, in part because of the use of the "Williams Shift", in which the shortstop would move to the right side of the infield to make it harder for the left-handed-hitting Williams to hit to that side of the field. Some have claimed that Williams was too proud to hit to the other side of the field, not wanting to let the Cardinals take away his game. He did not hit well in the Series, gathering only five singles in 25 at-bats, for a .200 average. However, this was also likely influenced by an elbow injury he had received a few days before when he was hit by a pitch in an exhibition game.

The Red Sox featured several other very good players during the 1940s, including 2B Johnny Pesky (for whom the right field foul pole in Fenway - "Pesky's Pole" - is named), 3B Bobby Doerr, and OF Dom DiMaggio (brother of Joe). Despite this, they lost the pennant by one game in each of 1948 and 1949, and Williams never played in another World Series.

The 1950s were a bleak time for the Red Sox. Unlike other teams, they refused to sign black players. Ted Williams hit .388 at the age of 38 in 1957, but there was little else for Boston fans to root for. Williams retired at the end of the 1960 season, famously hitting a home run in his final at-bat.

The Sox finally became the last Major League team to sign an African-American player when they signed mediocre infielder Pumpsie Green in 1959. The Sox did not truly embrace signing black players until Dan Duquette took over as general manager in the 1990s. Boston has achieved great success since that point.

Supposedly the right-field bullpens in Fenway Park were built in part for Williams' left-handed swing, and these are sometimes called "Williamsburg".

Carl "Yaz" Yastrzemski

Carl "Yaz" Yastrzemski

The 1960s also started poorly for the Red Sox, though 1961 saw the debut of Carl Yastrzemski ("Yaz"), who would become one of the best hitters of the pitching-rich decade.

Red Sox fans remember 1967 as the year of the "Impossible Dream." The team had finished the 1966 season in ninth place, but they found new life with Yaz leading the team to the World Series. Yaz won the American League Triple Crown and put on one of the greatest displays of hitting down the stretch in baseball history. But the Red Sox lost the series - again to the St. Louis Cardinals. The 1967 season is remembered as one of the great pennant races in baseball history since four teams were in the race until almost the last game.

The Sox won the AL pennant in 1975, with Yaz surrounded by other stars such as rookie outfielders Jim Rice and Fred Lynn (who won both the AL Rookie of the Year and MVP awards), veteran outfielder Dwight Evans, catcher Carlton Fisk, and pitchers Luis Tiant and the eccentric junkballer Bill Lee.

Game 6 of the 1975 World Series, against the Cincinnati Reds' so-called "Big Red Machine," is regarded by some as the greatest game in baseball postseason history, an extra-inning drama featuring dramatic home runs by Bernie Carbo and Fisk (the latter a game-winner, the famous 'body English' homerun). Despite the series-tying win, the Red Sox lost Game 7, and this time it would be Yaz who never again played in a World Series.

The Red Sox may have lost to the National League champions in the World Series, but their true rivals were the New York Yankees, who after the Babe Ruth trade in 1919 would go on to win 26 World Series championships. The race for the pennant often came to a close competition between the Red Sox and the Yankees. The Red Sox-Yankees rivalry came to a head in the 1978 season, when the two clubs finished the regular season in a tie for the American League East division title. A winner-take-all playoff game was held at Fenway Park. The Yankees drove a stake through the hearts of Red Sox fans when Bucky Dent drove a game-winning home run over the Green Monster.

The "Curse of the Bambino"

After the Yawkeys

Tom Yawkey had passed away in 1976, and his wife Jean took control of the team, until her death in 1992, ending over 60 years of Yawkey ownership. A trust controlled by John Harrington took control of the team.

Longtime Sox general manager Lou Gorman was replaced in 1994 by Dan Duquette, who had previously run the Montreal Expos. Duquette's reign began with promises to revive the flagging Sox farm system, but ended with several huge contracts to major stars and a great deal of public acrimony. The fans and local media often turned on the players; general managers humiliated the manager; managers and players sniped at each other.

In the strike-shortened 1995 season, the Sox won the newly-realigned American League East, finishing 7 games ahead of the rival Yankees. Once again, they were swept, this time 3-0 by the Cleveland Indians, running their postseason losing streak to 13 games, dating back to the 1986 World Series.

In 1998 the Red Sox traded for Expos star pitcher Pedro Martinez, and signed him to a long-term contract. Martinez would have several spectacular seasons for the Red Sox. In 1998 they won the wild card, but again lost the American League Divisional Series to the Indians, this time 3-1, despite winning Game 1 11-3 behind Martinez.

In 1999 they got revenge on the Indians. Cleveland took a 2-0 series lead, but the Red Sox won Game 3 9-3 behind the pitching of Ramon Martinez, Pedro's brother, and Derek Lowe. Game 4 was a blowout 23-7 win for the Red Sox and the highest scoring playoff game in history. Game 5 was a tense affair, with the Indians taking a 5-2 lead after two innings, but Pedro Martinez came on in the fourth inning and pitched six innings of no-hit ball while the offense rallied for a 12-8 win, behind two home runs from Troy O'Leary. The Red Sox then met the hated New York Yankees and lost 4 games to 1. The sole win was a cathartic 13-1 demolition of former Red Sox Roger Clemens in Fenway Park.

The Duquette era ended in 2002, when president and Yawkey trustee John Harrington sold the Red Sox to a consortium comprised of John Henry, Tom Werner, and Les Otten, with Larry Lucchino as president and CEO. Duquette was fired, and replaced for the 2002 season by Mike Port. After almost hiring Oakland's Billy Beane during the 2002 off-season, the Red Sox promoted Yale graduate Theo Epstein to general manager. At 28, he became the youngest GM in the history of the Major Leagues.

June 27, 2003, the Red Sox established a new Major League Baseball record by scoring 10 runs against the Florida Marlins before the Marlins could get an out in the first inning.

The 2003 postseason delivered another blow to Red Sox fans. The Sox rallied from a 2-0 deficit against the Oakland Athletics to win the best-of-5 American League Division Series. They then faced the Yankees in the 2003 American League Championship Series. In the deciding Game 7, Boston had a 5-2 lead over the Yankees in the 8th inning, but Pedro Martinez allowed three runs to tie the game, and the Red Sox lost the game 6-5 in 11 innings, on a home run by Yankee third baseman Aaron Boone. Many Red Sox fans blamed the loss on their manager, Grady Little, for not removing Martinez after seven strong innings, when he began to show signs of tiring. Most Red Sox fans and columnists believe that this decision by Little led to him not being brought back the following offseason. He was replaced by Terry Francona, a man who finally brought Boston a championship for the first time in 86 years.

2004: champions at last

During the offseason, the Red Sox acquired another ace pitcher in Curt Schilling and almost landed shortstop Alex Rodriguez, but the deal fell through, and A-Rod went to the Yankees instead. Nevertheless, the Red Sox were picked by many to win the American League East in 2004. In seven meetings with New York in April, the Sox lost just one, and opened up a 4-game lead early in the season. Through midseason, the team struggled mightily, and fell more than 10 games behind New York. Management shook up the team at the MLB trading deadline on July 31 by trading shortstop Nomar Garciaparra in exchange for Orlando Cabrera of the Montreal Expos and Doug Mientkiewicz of the Minnesota Twins in a four-team deal. Also acquired, though less publicized, was speedy outfielder Dave Roberts of the LA Dodgers for minor league prospects. After splitting six games with the Yankees in September, the Red Sox remained in contention, but finished three games back in the AL East, again qualifying as the AL Wild Card.

The playoffs started with a bang as the Red Sox swept the AL West champion Anaheim Angels, winning Game 3 by a score of 8-6 on David Ortiz's 10th inning walk-off home run over the Green Monster. The Red Sox thus advanced to a rematch in the 2004 American League Championship Series against their bitter rivals: the New York Yankees.

In Game 1, the Red Sox didn't have a hit until the seventh, and lost 10-7. Worse, Schilling left early in the game due to an ankle injury. Pedro started Game 2 and pitched effectively, but the team lost 3-1. In Game 3, the Red Sox were demolished 19-8, a game which set the record for most runs scored by both teams in an LCS, to fall behind 3-0 in the series. The faith of Boston fans was tried like never before. It is fitting, then, that one of the Sox mottos that season was Keep the Faith. Although no team in professional baseball history had ever forced a tie in a seven game series after losing the first 3, the Red Sox were working against history and fate to not only tie, but win the series.

In Game 4 of the playoff, down 4-3 in the ninth with Yankees closer Mariano Rivera on the mound, the Sox rallied thanks to a stolen base by Roberts, then an RBI single by Bill Mueller to tie the game. Ortiz hit a 2-run walk-off home run in the 12th inning to win the game 6-4. Again trailing the next night in Game 5, the Sox again rallied, and in the 14th inning, Ortiz again providing the finishing blow with a single to win the game 5-4. Game 5 set a new record for longest postseason game in terms of time (5 hours and 49 minutes) and for longest ALCS game (14 innings). The Red Sox rally continued through Game 6 (in which Schilling returned to pitch seven innings on an ankle held together with three sutures and wrapped in a bloody, literally red sock) into Game 7, when Johnny Damon hit a grand slam in the second inning and added another home run later. The Sox rolled 10-3 to win the series 4-3. They became the first team in baseball history (and the third in North American professional sports history, after the 1942 Toronto Maple Leafs and the 1975 New York Islanders of the NHL) to rally from a 3-0 deficit to win a best-of-7 series. David Ortiz was named MVP. Unfortunately the end of Game 7 did not go without rioting in the streets of Boston.

The Red Sox moved on to the 2004 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals, a team that had posted the best record in the major leagues -- and the team that had defeated the Red Sox in the 1946 and 1967 World Series. Game 1 set a new record for the highest scoring World Series opening game (breaking the previous record set in 1932). The Sox defeated the Cardinals twice in Boston and twice in St. Louis to sweep the World Series, making this their first and last Series win since 1918. In an altogether appropriate end to the "Curse of the Bambino," the final out of the game was made on Cardinals shortstop Edgar Rentería - who wore Babe Ruth's old uniform number, 3.

The Red Sox held a parade – or as Boston mayor Tom Menino put it, a "rolling rally" – on Saturday, October 30, 2004. A crowd of more than 3 million members of "Red Sox Nation" filled the streets of Boston to cheer as the team rode Duck Boats.

Statistics/titles/records

Championships and pennants

Division Championships won (5): 1975, 1986, 1988, 1990, 1995

Wild Card titles won (4): 1998, 1999, 2003, 2004

Division Series won (3): 1999, 2003, 2004

American League pennants won (11): 1903, 1904, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 1946, 1967, 1975, 1986, 2004

World Series championships won (6): 1903, 1912, 1915, 1916, 1918, 2004

Postseason series

All-time team career leaders

• Batting: Ted Williams, .344
• Home runs: Ted Williams, 521
• RBI: Carl Yastrzemski, 1844
• Stolen bases: Harry Hooper, 300
• Wins: Cy Young and Roger Clemens, 192
• Opponent Strikeouts: Roger Clemens, 2590
• ERA: Smokey Joe Wood, 1.99
• Saves: Bob Stanley, 132

All-time team season records

• Batting: Ted Williams, .406, 1941
• Home runs: Jimmie Foxx, 50, 1938
• RBI: Jimmie Foxx, 175, 1938
• Stolen bases: Tommy Harper, 54, 1973
• Wins: Smokey Joe Wood, 34, 1912
• Opponent Strikeouts: Pedro Martinez, 313, 1999
• ERA: Dutch Leonard, 0.96, 1914
• Saves: Tom Gordon, 46, 1998

Retired numbers

• 1 Bobby Doerr
• 4 Joe Cronin
• 8 Carl Yastrzemski
• 9 Ted Williams
• 27 Carlton Fisk
• 42 Jackie Robinson (retired by all Major League ballclubs)

Minor-league affiliates

• Pawtucket Red Sox (AAA, International League)
• Portland Sea Dogs (AA, Eastern League)
• Wilmington Blue Rocks (High-A, Carolina League)
• Capital City Bombers (A, South Atlantic League)
• Lowell Spinners (Short-Season A, New York-Penn League)
• DSL Red Sox (Rookie, Dominican Summer League)
• GCL Red Sox (Rookie, Gulf Coast League)
• VSL Ciudad Alianza (Rookie, Venezuelan Summer League)

Notable players

Baseball Hall of Famers

• Luis Aparicio
• Lou Boudreau
• Jesse Burkett
• Orlando Cepeda
• Jack Chesbro
• Jimmy Collins
• Joe Cronin*
• Bobby Doerr*
• Dennis Eckersley
• Rick Ferrell*
• Carlton Fisk*
• Jimmie Foxx*
• Lefty Grove*
• Harry Hooper
• Waite Hoyt
• Ferguson Jenkins
• George Kell
• Heinie Manush
• Juan Marichal
• Herb Pennock*
• Tony Perez
• Red Ruffing
• Babe Ruth
• Tom Seaver
• Al Simmons
• Tris Speaker
• Ted Williams *
• Carl Yastrzemski*
• Cy Young

* Inducted as Red Sox

Current stars

• Bronson Arroyo
• Mark Bellhorn
• Ellis Burks
• Orlando Cabrera
• Johnny Damon
• Alan Embree
• Keith Foulke
• Ricky Gutiérrez
• Derek Lowe
• Pedro Martinez
• David McCarty
• Ramiro Mendoza
• Doug Mientkiewicz
• Kevin Millar
• Doug Mirabelli
• Bill Mueller
• Trot Nixon
• David Ortiz
• Manny Ramirez
• Pokey Reese
• Dave Roberts
• Curt Schilling
• Mike Timlin
• Jason Varitek
• Tim Wakefield
• Scott Williamson
• Kevin Youkilis

Other notable players

• Harry Agganis
• Tony Armas
• Moe Berg
• Wade Boggs
• Bill Buckner
• Roger Clemens (MVP, 1986; All-Star Game MVP, 1986; 3-time Cy Young Award: 1986-87, 1989, 7 overall)
• Tony Conigliaro
• Doc Cramer
• Dom DiMaggio
• Joe Dobson
• Walter Dropo (Rookie of the Year, 1950)
• Dwight Evans (8-time Gold Glove: 1976, 1978-79, 1981-85)
• Wes Ferrell
• Dave "Boo" Ferriss
• Nomar Garciaparra (Rookie of the Year, 1997)
• Rich Gedman
• Pumpsie Green
• Mike Greenwell
• Tommy Harper
• Dave Henderson
• Rickey Henderson
• Butch Hobson
• Jackie Jensen (MVP, 1978)
• Bob Johnson
• Gabe Kapler
• Ellis Kinder
• Bill Lee
• Duffy Lewis
• Jim Lonborg (Cy Young Award, 1967)
• Fred Lynn (Rookie of the Year and MVP in 1975; 4-time Gold Glove: 1975, 1978-80; ALCS MVP, 1982; All-Star Game MVP, 1983)
• Frank Malzone (3-time Gold Glove:1957-59)
• Carl Mays
• Al Nipper
• Mel Parnell
• Johnny Pesky
• Rico Petrocelli
• Jimmy Piersall
• Dick Radatz
• Jerry Remy
• Jim Rice (MVP, 1978)
• Pete Runnels
• Bret Saberhagen
• Calvin Schiraldi
• Don Schwall (Rookie of the Year, 1961)
• Bob Stanley
• Vern Stephens
• Frank Tanana
• Birdie Tebbetts
• Luis Tiant
• Mo Vaughn (MVP, 1995)
• Sammy White
• Smokey Joe Wood

See also

• Boston Red Sox Hall of Fame
• Boston Red Sox spring training home
• Curse of the Bambino
• Major League Baseball franchise post-season droughts
• Red Sox Nation
• Tony Conigliaro Award

External links

• Boston Red Sox official website (http://redsox.mlb.com/)
• Red Sox Minor League Overview (http://sports.espn.go.com/mlb/teams/minors?team=bos)
• The Sons of Sam Horn - the top Red Sox fan site (http://www.sonsofsamhorn.com/)
• Talksox - Red Sox fan discussion forum (http://www.talksox.com/)
• Boston Dirt Dogs fan site (http://www.bostondirtdogs.com/)
• Boston Sports Media (http://www.bostonsportsmedia.com/)

sv:Boston Red Sox ja:ボストン・レッドソックス

Articles for Boston Red Sox players Articles for Boston Red Sox managers